Article

Citation searching: New players, new tools

Along with expanding interest in citation searching has come an attendant body of literature about new tools and techniques. For the purposes of this article, citation searching will refer to the searching of both backward-in-time cited references and forward-in-time citing references. Cited references appear in the bibliographies of target documents as footnotes, endnotes, or a reference list, detailing content on which the authors have relied in the development of their articles. Cited references are always retrospective in nature, pointing to documents published in the past. Citing references, in contrast, are always prospective in nature, referring to previously published documents used by subsequent authors writing at a future time. The second concept, citing reference searching, has long been the basis of products from Thomson Scientific's Institute for Scientific Information (ISI). Now other database vendors and Web services have begun adding the function.

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