General atmospheric circulation in an energy balance model

The climate of Earth is changing, as evidenced by increased surface temperatures and rising sea levels. The surface temperature gradient drives the Polar Jet Stream. A warmer planet may experience a weaker surface temperature gradient and would likely cause the Polar Jet Stream to slow down, meander, and widen. We investigate the effect of increased greenhouse gas concentrations on the location of the southern boundary of the Polar cell by developing a modified latitude dependent, two-layer Energy Balance Model of an aqua-planet with zonally averaged temperature functions for the atmosphere and surface layers, with heat diffusion in each layer and heat and radiative exchange between layers. We include separate terms in our model for atmospheric and surface albedo, and our model takes into account reflections of shortwave radiation between the surface and atmospheric layers. We introduce a cloud factor function, which depends on the surface temperature gradient, to simulate the cell structure of Earth's global atmospheric circulation.